Research

Three independent U.S.-market datasets show lead in dark chocolate has declined over the past decade while cadmium has not, a divergence explained by where each metal enters the cocoa supply chain.

This critical review examines lead contamination in children's vitamins and supplements: where the lead comes from, its neurodevelopmental effects, how it is detected, and how regulation differs between markets.

This review examines published data on mercury in fish oil supplements, the regulatory limits that apply to them, and the testing and refining practices that keep mercury low.

This review examines inorganic arsenic in rice and rice-based foods, including cereals, snacks and infant products, the health risks of chronic exposure, current regulatory limits, and ways to reduce intake.